Actually, I don't think that it's true that "much of risk analysis is beta". More like distributions, copulas and so on.
The book "Fortune's Formula" has a profile of Thorp. He also has a set of articles he wrote for Wilmot on his web site. Then there are his academic articles.
I think that the fascination with derivatives is misplaced. I took the excellent UW derivatives and modeling courses and I remain fascinated by derivatives in investment portfolios. But most people are not going to do derivatives pricing or even use derivatives. Fixed income pricing is more likely and portfolio investment more likely still. Think about it: there are trillions of dollars invested in portfolios.
I did my Masters project on portfolio factors (
http://www.bearcave.com/finance/thesis_project/index.html) and I have been working on portfolio models for my own investment. I did not learn in my courses how to construct a portfolio that will beat an index (e.g., an IR > 0). But my course work gave me the building blocks I needed. Without these building blocks, I would not have understood quantitative portfolio construction.
Finance has become very sophisticated. Without the foundation provided by graduate level courses, you don't have a clue. But a foundation does not make a building. All the rest you have to build on your own and there is a lot.