3D Plots
I personally prefer SciLab to Octave for free MatLab-like software. Though SciLab is very similar to MatLab, it does not try to be a MatLab clone, so some of the instructions are different.
Gnuplot produces some absolutely phenomenal plots, but I did not find learning it to be easy. Unfortunately, Gnuplot is very difficult to invoke programmatically, so one almost always has to save one's data in a file format gnuplot can understand and then create a file of gnuplot instructions to obtain the desired plot.