It will not hinder you in getting into an MFE program, but it will hinder you a lot in getting a job. At that age, you shouldn't consider an MFE unless you get into one of the top 3 programs, and an MBA will most likely be the best option for you. The reasons for this are as follows:
- Outside of the top 3 programs, most of the students are fresh graduates coming straight from undergrad in a STEM field. Recruitment at these programs is generally targeted at entry-level quant developer, junior trader, analyst-level jobs. Your age and experience will mean you can't compete for these jobs, and you will have to search on your own. If you don't already have extensive connections in the US, it will be very hard.
- Unless you worked for a reputable foreign firm in India, how firms will value your trading experience in India is ambiguous. So even if you get into one of the top 3 programs, it's difficult to say if you can enter into a bank as an associate or VP.
- An MBA is better because it's the typical "mid-career switch" route in the US. At a top 8 program, you will meet people who come from consulting backgrounds, musical backgrounds, law backgrounds, etc., and their career services are oriented towards placing these diverse people into big firms. You will meet more employers through this route who are willing to consider you as a hire, and since it sounds like your particular interest is in investment banking, this will be the best choice. (Depending on your background, getting into a top 8 MBA might be harder for you than getting into a top 3 MFE though).
- If you think about it from the perspective of an MFE employer: a lot of the demand for technical people like MFEs comes from prop shops and tech firms who are relatively young/small partnerships themselves. It's preferable that candidates don't have too much experience so they can grow with the firm.